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-<html devsite>
- <head>
- <title>Content License</title>
- <meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml" />
- <meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml" />
- </head>
- <body>
- <!--
- Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
- -->
-
-
-
-<p>The Android Open Source Project uses a few
-<a href="http://www.opensource.org/">open source initiative</a>
-approved open source licenses for our software.</p>
-<h2 id="android-open-source-project-license">Android Open Source Project License</h2>
-<p>The preferred license for the Android Open Source Project is the
-<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache
-Software License, Version 2.0</a> ("Apache 2.0"),
-and the majority of the Android software is licensed
-with Apache 2.0. While the project will strive to adhere to the preferred
-license, there may be exceptions that will be handled on a case-by-case
-basis. For example, the Linux kernel patches are under the GPLv2 license with
-system exceptions, which can be found on <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/COPYING">kernel.org</a>.</p>
-<h2 id="contributor-license-grants">Contributor License Agreements</h2>
-<p>All <em>individual</em> contributors (that is, contributors making contributions
-only on their own behalf) of ideas, code, or documentation to the Android Open
-Source Project will be required to complete, sign, and submit an <a
-href="https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-individual">Individual
-Contributor License Agreement</a>. The agreement can be executed online through the
-<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/settings/agreements">code review tool</a>.
-The agreement clearly defines the terms under which intellectual
-property has been contributed to the Android Open Source Project. This license
-is for your protection as a contributor as well as the protection of the
-project; it does not change your rights to use your own contributions for any
-other purpose.</p>
-<p>For a <em>corporation</em> (or other entity) that has assigned employees to
-work on the Android Open Source Project, a <a
-href="https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-corporate">Corporate
-Contributor License Agreement</a> is available.
-This version of the agreement allows a
-corporation to authorize contributions submitted by its designated employees
-and to grant copyright and patent licenses. Note that a Corporate Contributor
-License Agreement does not remove the need for any developer to sign their own
-Individual Contributor License Agreement as an individual. The individual
-agreement is needed to cover any of their contributions that are <em>not</em>
-owned by the corporation signing the Corporate Contributor License Agreement.</p>
-<p>Please note we based our agreements on the ones the
-<a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Software Foundation</a> uses, which can
-be found on the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache web site</a>.</p>
-<h2 id="why-apache-software-license">Why Apache Software License?</h2>
-<p>We are sometimes asked why Apache Software License 2.0 is the preferred
-license for Android. For userspace (that is, non-kernel) software, we do in
-fact prefer ASL2.0 (and similar licenses like BSD, MIT, etc.) over other
-licenses such as LGPL.</p>
-<p>Android is about freedom and choice. The purpose of Android is promote
-openness in the mobile world, and we don't believe it's possible to predict or
-dictate all the uses to which people will want to put our software. So, while
-we encourage everyone to make devices that are open and modifiable, we don't
-believe it is our place to force them to do so. Using LGPL libraries would
-often force them to do just that.</p>
-<p>Here are some of our specific concerns:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>LGPL (in simplified terms) requires either: shipping of source to the
-application; a written offer for source; or linking the LGPL-ed library
-dynamically and allowing users to manually upgrade or replace the library.
-Since Android software is typically shipped in the form of a static system
-image, complying with these requirements ends up restricting OEMs' designs.
-(For instance, it's difficult for a user to replace a library on read-only
-flash storage.)</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>LGPL requires allowance of customer modification and reverse
-engineering for debugging those modifications. Most device makers do
-not want to have to be bound by these terms. So to minimize the burden on
-these companies, we minimize usage of LGPL software in userspace.</li></p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Historically, LGPL libraries have been the source of a large number
-of compliance problems for downstream device makers and application
-developers. Educating engineers on these issues is difficult and slow-going,
-unfortunately. It's critical to Android's success that it be as easy as
-possible for device makers to comply with the licenses. Given the
-difficulties with complying with LGPL in the past, it is most prudent to
-simply not use LGPL libraries if we can avoid it.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The issues discussed above are our reasons for preferring ASL2.0 for
-our own code. They aren't criticisms of LGPL or other licenses. We are
-passionate about this topic, even to the point where we've gone out of our
-way to make sure as much code as possible is ASL2.0 licensed. However, we love all free
-and open source licenses, and respect others' opinions and preferences. We've
-simply decided ASL2.0 is the right license for our goals.</p>
-
- </body>
-</html>