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+<html devsite>
+ <head>
+ <title>Privacy Security Best Practices</title>
+ <meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml" />
+ <meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml" />
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <!--
+ Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ //www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+ -->
+<p>This page contains a collection of data collection guidance
+ and recommendations to ensure that Android users have control over the
+ handling of their data.</p>
+
+<h2 id="logging-data">Logging data</h2>
+
+<p>Logging data increases the risk of exposure of that data and reduces system
+ performance. Multiple public security incidents have occurred as a result of
+ logging sensitive user data.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Do not log to the sdcard.</li>
+ <li>Apps or system services should not log data provided from third-party
+ apps that might include sensitive information.</li>
+ <li>Apps must not log any Personally Identifiable Information (PII) as
+ part of normal operation, unless it's absolutely necessary to provide the
+ core functionality of the app.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>CTS includes tests that check for the presence of potentially sensitive
+ information in logs.</p>
+
+<h2 id="metrics-collection">Metrics collection</h2>
+
+<p>Collecting metrics can be an essential part of understanding usage of your
+ app and making improvements for the overall user experience. However, overly
+ broad metrics collection can also present a risk to user privacy.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>If at all possible, don't collect metrics.
+ <ul>
+ <li>If you must collect metrics, first request explicit, informed,
+ and meaningful user consent.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li>With few exceptions, only collect metrics that are necessary to support
+ the reliability of the service.</li>
+ <li>Avoid collecting identifiable or potentially sensitive data whenever
+ possible, such as
+ <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/articles/user-data-ids"
+ class="external">hardware identifiers</a>.</li>
+ <li>Ensure data is sufficiently aggregated and anonymized whenever possible.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="spyware">Spyware</h2>
+
+<p>Spyware is defined as software that aims to gather information about a user
+ or device without their knowledge, that may send user information to another
+ entity without consent.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Transmission of the following user or device data without disclosure or
+ in a manner that is unexpected to the user is considered spyware (this
+ list contains top examples, but is not an exhaustive list):
+ <ul>
+ <li>Information about the user's contacts (names, numbers, emails)</li>
+ <li>Photos or other files</li>
+ <li>Content from user email</li>
+ <li>Call log</li>
+ <li>SMS log</li>
+ <li>Web history</li>
+ <li>Browser bookmarks</li>
+ <li>Private information from other apps (private <code>/data/</code>
+ directories)</li>
+ <li>Audio or call recording</li>
+ <li>Passwords</li>
+ <li>OAuth tokens</li>
+ <li>Location</li>
+ </ul>
+ <li>Ensure that all apps provide a reasonable explanation disclosure to
+ the user prior to installation.</li>
+</ul>
+</body>
+</html>