sg_rem_rest_elem: new utility for removing or restoring elements; bug fixes

git-svn-id: https://svn.bingwo.ca/repos/sg3_utils/trunk@955 6180dd3e-e324-4e3e-922d-17de1ae2f315

15 files changed, 817 insertions, 419 deletions

diff --git a/src/Makefile.am b/src/Makefile.am
index 676f61fa..034f171d 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/Makefile.am
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ bin_PROGRAMS = \
 	sg_get_config sg_get_elem_status sg_get_lba_status sg_ident sg_inq \
 	sg_logs sg_luns sg_modes sg_opcodes sg_persist sg_prevent sg_raw \
 	sg_rdac sg_read_attr sg_read_block_limits sg_read_buffer \
-	sg_read_long sg_readcap sg_reassign sg_referrals sg_rep_density \
-	sg_rep_pip sg_rep_zones sg_requests sg_reset_wp sg_rmsn sg_rtpg \
-	sg_safte sg_sanitize sg_sat_identify sg_sat_phy_event \
+	sg_read_long sg_readcap sg_reassign sg_referrals sg_rem_rest_elem \
+	sg_rep_density sg_rep_pip sg_rep_zones sg_requests sg_reset_wp \
+	sg_rmsn sg_rtpg sg_safte sg_sanitize sg_sat_identify sg_sat_phy_event \
 	sg_sat_read_gplog sg_sat_set_features sg_seek sg_senddiag sg_ses \
 	sg_ses_microcode sg_start sg_stpg sg_stream_ctl sg_sync sg_timestamp \
 	sg_turs sg_unmap sg_verify sg_vpd sg_wr_mode sg_write_buffer \
@@ -131,16 +131,18 @@ sg_read_long_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
 sg_reassign_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
-sg_requests_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
-
 sg_referrals_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
+sg_rem_rest_elem_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
+
 sg_rep_density_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
 sg_rep_pip_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
 sg_rep_zones_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
+sg_requests_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
+
 sg_reset_wp_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 
 sg_rmsn_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
diff --git a/src/Makefile.in b/src/Makefile.in
index 8e7c9a7f..a71b2ca7 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.in
+++ b/src/Makefile.in
@@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ bin_PROGRAMS = sg_bg_ctl$(EXEEXT) sg_compare_and_write$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_raw$(EXEEXT) sg_rdac$(EXEEXT) sg_read_attr$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_read_block_limits$(EXEEXT) sg_read_buffer$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_read_long$(EXEEXT) sg_readcap$(EXEEXT) sg_reassign$(EXEEXT) \
-	sg_referrals$(EXEEXT) sg_rep_density$(EXEEXT) \
-	sg_rep_pip$(EXEEXT) sg_rep_zones$(EXEEXT) sg_requests$(EXEEXT) \
+	sg_referrals$(EXEEXT) sg_rem_rest_elem$(EXEEXT) \
+	sg_rep_density$(EXEEXT) sg_rep_pip$(EXEEXT) \
+	sg_rep_zones$(EXEEXT) sg_requests$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_reset_wp$(EXEEXT) sg_rmsn$(EXEEXT) sg_rtpg$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_safte$(EXEEXT) sg_sanitize$(EXEEXT) \
 	sg_sat_identify$(EXEEXT) sg_sat_phy_event$(EXEEXT) \
@@ -246,6 +247,9 @@ sg_reassign_DEPENDENCIES = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_referrals_SOURCES = sg_referrals.c
 sg_referrals_OBJECTS = sg_referrals.$(OBJEXT)
 sg_referrals_DEPENDENCIES = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
+sg_rem_rest_elem_SOURCES = sg_rem_rest_elem.c
+sg_rem_rest_elem_OBJECTS = sg_rem_rest_elem.$(OBJEXT)
+sg_rem_rest_elem_DEPENDENCIES = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rep_density_SOURCES = sg_rep_density.c
 sg_rep_density_OBJECTS = sg_rep_density.$(OBJEXT)
 sg_rep_density_DEPENDENCIES = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
@@ -408,13 +412,13 @@ am__depfiles_remade = ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_bg_ctl.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_read_block_limits.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_read_buffer.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_read_long.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_readcap.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reassign.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_referrals.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_density.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_pip.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_zones.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_requests.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reset.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reset_wp.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rmsn.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rtpg.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_safte.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sanitize.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_identify.Po \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_phy_event.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_referrals.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rem_rest_elem.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_density.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_pip.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_zones.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_requests.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reset.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reset_wp.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rmsn.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rtpg.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_safte.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sanitize.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_identify.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_phy_event.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_read_gplog.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_sat_set_features.Po \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/sg_scan_linux.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_scan_win32.Po \
@@ -458,17 +462,18 @@ SOURCES = sg_bg_ctl.c sg_compare_and_write.c sg_copy_results.c sg_dd.c \
 	sg_map26.c sg_modes.c sg_opcodes.c sg_persist.c sg_prevent.c \
 	sg_raw.c sg_rbuf.c sg_rdac.c sg_read.c sg_read_attr.c \
 	sg_read_block_limits.c sg_read_buffer.c sg_read_long.c \
-	sg_readcap.c sg_reassign.c sg_referrals.c sg_rep_density.c \
-	sg_rep_pip.c sg_rep_zones.c sg_requests.c sg_reset.c \
-	sg_reset_wp.c sg_rmsn.c sg_rtpg.c sg_safte.c sg_sanitize.c \
-	sg_sat_identify.c sg_sat_phy_event.c sg_sat_read_gplog.c \
-	sg_sat_set_features.c $(sg_scan_SOURCES) sg_seek.c \
-	sg_senddiag.c sg_ses.c sg_ses_microcode.c sg_start.c sg_stpg.c \
-	sg_stream_ctl.c sg_sync.c sg_test_rwbuf.c sg_timestamp.c \
-	sg_turs.c sg_unmap.c sg_verify.c $(sg_vpd_SOURCES) \
-	sg_wr_mode.c sg_write_buffer.c sg_write_long.c sg_write_same.c \
-	sg_write_verify.c sg_write_x.c sg_xcopy.c sg_z_act_query.c \
-	sg_zone.c sginfo.c sgm_dd.c sgp_dd.c
+	sg_readcap.c sg_reassign.c sg_referrals.c sg_rem_rest_elem.c \
+	sg_rep_density.c sg_rep_pip.c sg_rep_zones.c sg_requests.c \
+	sg_reset.c sg_reset_wp.c sg_rmsn.c sg_rtpg.c sg_safte.c \
+	sg_sanitize.c sg_sat_identify.c sg_sat_phy_event.c \
+	sg_sat_read_gplog.c sg_sat_set_features.c $(sg_scan_SOURCES) \
+	sg_seek.c sg_senddiag.c sg_ses.c sg_ses_microcode.c sg_start.c \
+	sg_stpg.c sg_stream_ctl.c sg_sync.c sg_test_rwbuf.c \
+	sg_timestamp.c sg_turs.c sg_unmap.c sg_verify.c \
+	$(sg_vpd_SOURCES) sg_wr_mode.c sg_write_buffer.c \
+	sg_write_long.c sg_write_same.c sg_write_verify.c sg_write_x.c \
+	sg_xcopy.c sg_z_act_query.c sg_zone.c sginfo.c sgm_dd.c \
+	sgp_dd.c
 DIST_SOURCES = sg_bg_ctl.c sg_compare_and_write.c sg_copy_results.c \
 	sg_dd.c sg_decode_sense.c sg_emc_trespass.c sg_format.c \
 	sg_get_config.c sg_get_elem_status.c sg_get_lba_status.c \
@@ -476,17 +481,18 @@ DIST_SOURCES = sg_bg_ctl.c sg_compare_and_write.c sg_copy_results.c \
 	sg_map26.c sg_modes.c sg_opcodes.c sg_persist.c sg_prevent.c \
 	sg_raw.c sg_rbuf.c sg_rdac.c sg_read.c sg_read_attr.c \
 	sg_read_block_limits.c sg_read_buffer.c sg_read_long.c \
-	sg_readcap.c sg_reassign.c sg_referrals.c sg_rep_density.c \
-	sg_rep_pip.c sg_rep_zones.c sg_requests.c sg_reset.c \
-	sg_reset_wp.c sg_rmsn.c sg_rtpg.c sg_safte.c sg_sanitize.c \
-	sg_sat_identify.c sg_sat_phy_event.c sg_sat_read_gplog.c \
-	sg_sat_set_features.c $(am__sg_scan_SOURCES_DIST) sg_seek.c \
-	sg_senddiag.c sg_ses.c sg_ses_microcode.c sg_start.c sg_stpg.c \
-	sg_stream_ctl.c sg_sync.c sg_test_rwbuf.c sg_timestamp.c \
-	sg_turs.c sg_unmap.c sg_verify.c $(sg_vpd_SOURCES) \
-	sg_wr_mode.c sg_write_buffer.c sg_write_long.c sg_write_same.c \
-	sg_write_verify.c sg_write_x.c sg_xcopy.c sg_z_act_query.c \
-	sg_zone.c sginfo.c sgm_dd.c sgp_dd.c
+	sg_readcap.c sg_reassign.c sg_referrals.c sg_rem_rest_elem.c \
+	sg_rep_density.c sg_rep_pip.c sg_rep_zones.c sg_requests.c \
+	sg_reset.c sg_reset_wp.c sg_rmsn.c sg_rtpg.c sg_safte.c \
+	sg_sanitize.c sg_sat_identify.c sg_sat_phy_event.c \
+	sg_sat_read_gplog.c sg_sat_set_features.c \
+	$(am__sg_scan_SOURCES_DIST) sg_seek.c sg_senddiag.c sg_ses.c \
+	sg_ses_microcode.c sg_start.c sg_stpg.c sg_stream_ctl.c \
+	sg_sync.c sg_test_rwbuf.c sg_timestamp.c sg_turs.c sg_unmap.c \
+	sg_verify.c $(sg_vpd_SOURCES) sg_wr_mode.c sg_write_buffer.c \
+	sg_write_long.c sg_write_same.c sg_write_verify.c sg_write_x.c \
+	sg_xcopy.c sg_z_act_query.c sg_zone.c sginfo.c sgm_dd.c \
+	sgp_dd.c
 am__can_run_installinfo = \
   case $$AM_UPDATE_INFO_DIR in \
     n|no|NO) false;; \
@@ -691,11 +697,12 @@ sg_read_block_limits_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_read_buffer_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_read_long_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_reassign_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
-sg_requests_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_referrals_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
+sg_rem_rest_elem_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rep_density_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rep_pip_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rep_zones_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
+sg_requests_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_reset_wp_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rmsn_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
 sg_rtpg_LDADD = ../lib/libsgutils2.la
@@ -939,6 +946,10 @@ sg_referrals$(EXEEXT): $(sg_referrals_OBJECTS) $(sg_referrals_DEPENDENCIES) $(EX
 	@rm -f sg_referrals$(EXEEXT)
 	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(sg_referrals_OBJECTS) $(sg_referrals_LDADD) $(LIBS)
 
+sg_rem_rest_elem$(EXEEXT): $(sg_rem_rest_elem_OBJECTS) $(sg_rem_rest_elem_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_sg_rem_rest_elem_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	@rm -f sg_rem_rest_elem$(EXEEXT)
+	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(sg_rem_rest_elem_OBJECTS) $(sg_rem_rest_elem_LDADD) $(LIBS)
+
 sg_rep_density$(EXEEXT): $(sg_rep_density_OBJECTS) $(sg_rep_density_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_sg_rep_density_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f sg_rep_density$(EXEEXT)
 	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK) $(sg_rep_density_OBJECTS) $(sg_rep_density_LDADD) $(LIBS)
@@ -1141,6 +1152,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_readcap.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reassign.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_referrals.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rem_rest_elem.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_density.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_pip.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_zones.Po@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
@@ -1376,6 +1388,7 @@ distclean: distclean-am
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_readcap.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reassign.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_referrals.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rem_rest_elem.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_density.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_pip.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_zones.Po
@@ -1496,6 +1509,7 @@ maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_readcap.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_reassign.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_referrals.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rem_rest_elem.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_density.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_pip.Po
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sg_rep_zones.Po
diff --git a/src/sg_decode_sense.c b/src/sg_decode_sense.c
index 76e5f6f9..160544be 100644
--- a/src/sg_decode_sense.c
+++ b/src/sg_decode_sense.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2021 Douglas Gilbert.
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2022 Douglas Gilbert.
  * All rights reserved.
  * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
  * license that can be found in the BSD_LICENSE file.
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@
 #include "sg_unaligned.h"
 
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.25 20211119";
+static const char * version_str = "1.27 20220624";
+
+#define MY_NAME "sg_decode_sense"
 
 #define MAX_SENSE_LEN 4096 /* max descriptor format actually: 255+8 */
 
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
     {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
     {"hex", no_argument, 0, 'H'},
     {"in", required_argument, 0, 'i'},          /* don't advertise */
+    {"json", optional_argument, 0, 'j'},
     {"inhex", required_argument, 0, 'i'},       /* same as --file */
     {"nodecode", no_argument, 0, 'N'},
     {"nospace", no_argument, 0, 'n'},
@@ -73,6 +76,7 @@ struct opts_t {
     int verbose;
     const char * wfname;
     const char * no_space_str;
+    sgj_state json_st;
     uint8_t sense[MAX_SENSE_LEN + 4];
 };
 
@@ -85,10 +89,10 @@ usage()
   pr2serr("Usage: sg_decode_sense [--binary=BFN] [--cdb] [--err=ES] "
           "[--file=HFN]\n"
           "                       [--help] [--hex] [--inhex=HFN] "
-          "[--nodecode]\n"
-          "                       [--nospace] [--status=SS] [--verbose] "
-          "[--version]\n"
-          "                       [--write=WFN] H1 H2 H3 ...\n"
+          "[--json[=JO]]\n"
+          "                       [--nodecode] [--nospace] [--status=SS] "
+          "[--verbose]\n"
+          "                       [--version] [--write=WFN] H1 H2 H3 ...\n"
           "  where:\n"
           "    --binary=BFN|-b BFN    BFN is a file name to read sense "
           "data in\n"
@@ -106,8 +110,16 @@ usage()
           "    --hex|-H              used together with --write=WFN, to "
           "write out\n"
           "                          C language style ASCII hex (instead "
-          "of binary)\n"
+          "of binary).\n"
+          "                          Otherwise don't decode, output incoming "
+          "data in\n"
+          "                          hex (used '-HH' or '-HHH' for different "
+          "formats)\n"
           "    --inhex=HFN|-i HFN    same as action as --file=HFN\n"
+          "    --json[=JO]|-j[JO]    output in JSON instead of human "
+          "readable text.\n"
+          "                          Optional argument JO see sg3_utils "
+          "manpage\n"
           "    --nodecode|-N         do not decode, may be neither sense "
           "nor cdb\n"
           "    --nospace|-n          no spaces or other separators between "
@@ -138,7 +150,7 @@ parse_cmd_line(struct opts_t *op, int argc, char *argv[])
     char *endptr;
 
     while (1) {
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "b:ce:f:hHi:nNs:vVw:", long_options,
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "b:ce:f:hHi:j::nNs:vVw:", long_options,
                         NULL);
         if (c == -1)
             break;
@@ -178,6 +190,9 @@ parse_cmd_line(struct opts_t *op, int argc, char *argv[])
         case '?':
             op->do_help = true;
             return 0;
+        case 'H':
+            op->hex_count++;
+            break;
         case 'i':
             if (op->fname) {
                 pr2serr("expect only one '--binary=BFN', '--file=HFN' or "
@@ -187,8 +202,12 @@ parse_cmd_line(struct opts_t *op, int argc, char *argv[])
             op->file_given = true;
             op->fname = optarg;
             break;
-        case 'H':
-            op->hex_count++;
+       case 'j':
+            if (! sgj_init_state(&op->json_st, optarg)) {
+                pr2serr("bad argument to --json= option, unrecognized "
+                        "character '%c'\n", op->json_st.first_bad_char);
+                return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            }
             break;
         case 'n':
             op->no_space = true;
@@ -298,6 +317,7 @@ write2wfn(FILE * fp, struct opts_t * op)
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    bool as_json;
     int k, err, blen;
     int ret = 0;
     unsigned int ui;
@@ -305,6 +325,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
     struct opts_t * op;
     FILE * fp = NULL;
     const char * cp;
+    sgj_state * jsp;
+    sgj_opaque_p jop = NULL;
+    sgj_opaque_p jo2p;
     char b[2048];
     struct opts_t opts;
 
@@ -341,6 +364,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
         usage();
         return 0;
     }
+    as_json = op->json_st.pr_as_json;
+    jsp = &op->json_st;
+    if (as_json)
+        jop = sgj_start(MY_NAME, version_str, argc, argv, jsp);
 
     if (op->err_given) {
         char d[128];
@@ -368,29 +395,35 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                     isxdigit((uint8_t)cp[k + 1]); k += 2) {
             if (1 != sscanf(cp + k, "%2x", &ui)) {
                 pr2serr("bad no_space hex string: %s\n", cp);
-                return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+                ret = SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+                goto fini;
             }
             op->sense[op->sense_len++] = (uint8_t)ui;
         }
     }
 
     if ((0 == op->sense_len) && (! op->do_binary) && (! op->file_given)) {
-        if (op->do_status)
-            return 0;
+        if (op->do_status) {
+            ret = 0;
+            goto fini;
+        }
         pr2serr(">> Need sense/cdb/arbitrary data on the command line or "
                 "in a file\n\n");
         usage();
-        return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+        ret = SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+        goto fini;
     }
     if (op->sense_len && (op->do_binary || op->file_given)) {
         pr2serr(">> Need sense data on command line or in a file, not "
                 "both\n\n");
-        return SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+        ret = SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+        goto fini;
     }
     if (op->do_binary && op->file_given) {
         pr2serr(">> Either a binary file or a ASCII hexadecimal, file not "
                 "both\n\n");
-        return SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+        ret = SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+        goto fini;
     }
 
     if (op->do_binary) {
@@ -399,13 +432,15 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
             err = errno;
             pr2serr("unable to open file: %s: %s\n", op->fname,
                     safe_strerror(err));
-            return sg_convert_errno(err);
+            ret = sg_convert_errno(err);
+            goto fini;
         }
         s = fread(op->sense, 1, MAX_SENSE_LEN, fp);
         fclose(fp);
         if (0 == s) {
             pr2serr("read nothing from file: %s\n", op->fname);
-            return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            ret = SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            goto fini;
         }
         op->sense_len = s;
     } else if (op->file_given) {
@@ -413,7 +448,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                            &op->sense_len, MAX_SENSE_LEN);
         if (ret) {
             pr2serr("unable to decode ASCII hex from file: %s\n", op->fname);
-            return ret;
+            goto fini;
         }
     }
 
@@ -463,11 +498,39 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
             sg_get_opcode_sa_name(opcode, sa, 0, blen, b);
             printf("%s\n", b);
         } else {
-            sg_get_sense_str(NULL, op->sense, op->sense_len,
-                             op->verbose, blen, b);
+            if (as_json)
+                sgj_get_sense(jsp, jop, op->sense, op->sense_len);
+            else
+                sg_get_sense_str(NULL, op->sense, op->sense_len,
+                                 op->verbose, blen, b);
             printf("%s\n", b);
         }
     }
 fini:
+   if (as_json) {
+
+#if 0
+// <<<<   testing
+// uint8_t dd[] = {0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+
+uint8_t dd[] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44 , 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc,
+                0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0xed, 0xcb, 0xa9, 0x87, 0x65 , 0x43, 0x21};
+
+// uint8_t dd[] = {0x2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x14,
+//              0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
+//              0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35,  0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39};
+
+// uint8_t dd[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x08, 0x51, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44,  0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88};
+// uint8_t dd[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x61, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44,  0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd,  0xee, 0xff, 0xee, 0xdd};
+
+jo2p = sgj_new_named_object(jsp, jop, "designation_descriptor");
+sgj_get_designation_descriptor(jsp, jo2p, dd, sizeof(dd));
+// <<<< end of testing
+#endif
+
+        if (0 == op->hex_count)
+            sgj_pr2file(&op->json_st, NULL, ret, stdout);
+        sgj_finish(jsp);
+    }
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/src/sg_format.c b/src/sg_format.c
index 6c963af2..8703b1d5 100644
--- a/src/sg_format.c
+++ b/src/sg_format.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 #include "sg_pr2serr.h"
 #include "sg_pt.h"
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.66 20220211";
+static const char * version_str = "1.67 20220607";
 
 
 #define RW_ERROR_RECOVERY_PAGE 1  /* can give alternate with --mode=MP */
@@ -58,17 +58,6 @@ static const char * version_str = "1.66 20220211";
                                       true -> request sense */
 #define MAX_BUFF_SZ     252
 
-#if defined(MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#define HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#include <windows.h>
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    Sleep( (seconds) * 1000)
-#else
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    sleep(seconds)
-#endif
-
 /* FORMAT UNIT (SBC) and FORMAT MEDIUM (SSC) share the same opcode */
 #define SG_FORMAT_MEDIUM_CMD 0x4
 #define SG_FORMAT_MEDIUM_CMDLEN 6
@@ -508,7 +497,7 @@ scsi_format_unit(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
                                     POLL_DURATION_SECS;
         if (! op->poll_type) {
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(poll_wait_secs);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(poll_wait_secs);
                         progress = -1;
                         res = sg_ll_test_unit_ready_progress(fd, 0, &progress,
                                              true, (vb > 1) ? (vb - 1) : 0);
@@ -537,7 +526,7 @@ scsi_format_unit(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
                         return sg_convert_errno(ENOMEM);
                 }
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(poll_wait_secs);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(poll_wait_secs);
                         memset(reqSense, 0x0, MAX_BUFF_SZ);
                         res = sg_ll_request_sense(fd, false, reqSense,
                                                   MAX_BUFF_SZ, false,
@@ -629,7 +618,7 @@ scsi_format_medium(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
         }
         if (! op->poll_type) {
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
                         progress = -1;
                         res = sg_ll_test_unit_ready_progress(fd, 0, &progress,
                                              true, (vb > 1) ? (vb - 1) : 0);
@@ -658,7 +647,7 @@ scsi_format_medium(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
                         return sg_convert_errno(ENOMEM);
                 }
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
                         memset(reqSense, 0x0, MAX_BUFF_SZ);
                         res = sg_ll_request_sense(fd, false, reqSense,
                                                   MAX_BUFF_SZ, false,
@@ -748,7 +737,7 @@ scsi_format_with_preset(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
         }
         if (! op->poll_type) {
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
                         progress = -1;
                         res = sg_ll_test_unit_ready_progress(fd, 0, &progress,
                                              true, (vb > 1) ? (vb - 1) : 0);
@@ -777,7 +766,7 @@ scsi_format_with_preset(int fd, const struct opts_t * op)
                         return sg_convert_errno(ENOMEM);
                 }
                 for(first = true; ; first = false) {
-                        sleep_for(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
+                        sg_sleep_secs(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
                         memset(reqSense, 0x0, MAX_BUFF_SZ);
                         res = sg_ll_request_sense(fd, false, reqSense,
                                                   MAX_BUFF_SZ, false,
@@ -1680,24 +1669,8 @@ again_sp_false:
 
         if (op->format) {
 format_only:
-                if (op->quick)
-                        goto skip_f_unit_reconsider;
-                printf("\nA FORMAT UNIT will commence in 15 seconds\n");
-                printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-                       op->device_name);
-                printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-                sleep_for(5);
-                printf("\nA FORMAT UNIT will commence in 10 seconds\n");
-                printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-                       op->device_name);
-                printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-                sleep_for(5);
-                printf("\nA FORMAT UNIT will commence in 5 seconds\n");
-                printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-                       op->device_name);
-                printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-                sleep_for(5);
-skip_f_unit_reconsider:
+                if (! op->quick)
+                    sg_warn_and_wait("FORMAT UNIT", op->device_name, true);
                 res = scsi_format_unit(fd, op);
                 ret = res;
                 if (res) {
@@ -1712,24 +1685,8 @@ skip_f_unit_reconsider:
 format_med:
         if (! op->poll_type_given) /* SSC-5 specifies REQUEST SENSE polling */
                 op->poll_type = true;
-        if (op->quick)
-                goto skip_f_med_reconsider;
-        printf("\nA FORMAT MEDIUM will commence in 15 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA FORMAT MEDIUM will commence in 10 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA FORMAT MEDIUM will commence in 5 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-skip_f_med_reconsider:
+        if (! op->quick)
+            sg_warn_and_wait("FORMAT MEDIUM", op->device_name, true);
         res = scsi_format_medium(fd, op);
         ret = res;
         if (res) {
@@ -1740,24 +1697,8 @@ skip_f_med_reconsider:
         goto out;
 
 format_with_pre:
-        if (op->quick)
-                goto skip_f_with_pre_reconsider;
-        printf("\nA FORMAT WITH PRESET will commence in 15 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA FORMAT WITH PRESET will commence in 10 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA FORMAT WITH PRESET will commence in 5 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n",
-               op->device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-skip_f_with_pre_reconsider:
+        if (! op->quick)
+            sg_warn_and_wait("FORMAT WITH PRESET", op->device_name, true);
         res = scsi_format_with_preset(fd, op);
         ret = res;
         if (res) {
diff --git a/src/sg_get_elem_status.c b/src/sg_get_elem_status.c
index 47e18a99..fc46608a 100644
--- a/src/sg_get_elem_status.c
+++ b/src/sg_get_elem_status.c
@@ -37,11 +37,10 @@
  * given SCSI device.
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.10 20220527";      /* sbc5r01 */
+static const char * version_str = "1.11 20220616";      /* sbc5r01 */
 
 #define MY_NAME "sg_get_elem_status"
 
-
 #ifndef UINT32_MAX
 #define UINT32_MAX ((uint32_t)-1)
 #endif
@@ -549,12 +548,12 @@ start_response:
         goto fini;
     }
 
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Number of descriptors",
-                   SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, num_desc);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Number of descriptors returned",
-                   SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, num_desc_ret);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Identifier of element being depopulated",
-                   SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, id_elem_depop);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Number of descriptors",
+                    SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, num_desc);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Number of descriptors returned",
+                    SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, num_desc_ret);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Identifier of element being depopulated",
+                    SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE, id_elem_depop);
     if (rlen < 64) {
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "No complete physical element status descriptors "
                   "available\n");
@@ -575,18 +574,18 @@ start_response:
         decode_elem_status_desc(bp, &a_ped);
         if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
             jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
-            sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "element_identifier",
-                                   (int64_t)a_ped.elem_id);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "element_identifier",
+                            (int64_t)a_ped.elem_id);
             cp = (1 == a_ped.phys_elem_type) ? "storage" : "reserved";
-            sgj_add_name_pair_istr(jsp, jo2p, "physical_element_type",
-                                   a_ped.phys_elem_type, "meaning", cp);
+            sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jo2p, "physical_element_type",
+                            a_ped.phys_elem_type, "meaning", cp);
             j = a_ped.phys_elem_health;
             fetch_health_str(j, b, blen);
-            sgj_add_name_pair_istr(jsp, jo2p, "physical_element_health", j,
-                                   "meaning", b);
-            sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "associated_capacity",
-                                   (int64_t)a_ped.assoc_cap);
-            sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
+            sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jo2p, "physical_element_health", j,
+                            "meaning", b);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "associated_capacity",
+                            (int64_t)a_ped.assoc_cap);
+            sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
         } else if (do_brief) {
             sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "%u: %u,%u\n", a_ped.elem_id, a_ped.phys_elem_type,
                       a_ped.phys_elem_health);
diff --git a/src/sg_get_lba_status.c b/src/sg_get_lba_status.c
index 6a905793..1612aaac 100644
--- a/src/sg_get_lba_status.c
+++ b/src/sg_get_lba_status.c
@@ -35,14 +35,16 @@
  * device.
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.25 20220520";      /* sbc4r15 */
+static const char * version_str = "1.27 20220616";      /* sbc5r01 */
+
+#define MY_NAME "sg_get_lba_status"
 
 #ifndef UINT32_MAX
 #define UINT32_MAX ((uint32_t)-1)
 #endif
 
 #define MAX_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN (1024 * 1024)
-#define DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN 24
+#define DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN 1024
 #define MIN_MAXLEN 16
 
 static uint8_t glbasFixedBuff[DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN];
@@ -52,12 +54,14 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
         {"16", no_argument, 0, 'S'},
         {"32", no_argument, 0, 'T'},
         {"brief", no_argument, 0, 'b'},
+        {"blockhex", no_argument, 0, 'B'},
         {"element-id", required_argument, 0, 'e'},
         {"element_id", required_argument, 0, 'e'},
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         {"hex", no_argument, 0, 'H'},
         {"in", required_argument, 0, 'i'},      /* silent, same as --inhex= */
         {"inhex", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
+        {"json", optional_argument, 0, 'j'},
         {"lba", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
         {"maxlen", required_argument, 0, 'm'},
         {"raw", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
@@ -74,17 +78,20 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
 static void
 usage()
 {
-    pr2serr("Usage: sg_get_lba_status  [--16] [--32][--brief] "
-            "[--element-id=EI]\n"
-            "                          [--help] [--hex] [--inhex=FN] "
-            "[--lba=LBA]\n"
-            "                          [--maxlen=LEN] [--raw] [--readonly]\n"
+    pr2serr("Usage: sg_get_lba_status  [--16] [--32] [--blockhex] "
+            "[--brief]\n"
+            "                          [--element-id=EI] [--help] [--hex] "
+            "[--inhex=FN]\n"
+            "                          [--lba=LBA] [--maxlen=LEN] [--raw] "
+            "[--readonly]\n"
             "                          [--report-type=RT] [--scan-len=SL] "
             "[--verbose]\n"
             "                          [--version] DEVICE\n"
             "  where:\n"
             "    --16|-S           use GET LBA STATUS(16) cdb (def)\n"
             "    --32|-T           use GET LBA STATUS(32) cdb\n"
+            "    --blockhex|-B     outputs the (number of) blocks field "
+            " in hex\n"
             "    --brief|-b        a descriptor per line:\n"
             "                          <lba_hex blocks_hex p_status "
             "add_status>\n"
@@ -98,6 +105,8 @@ usage()
             "DEVICE,\n"
             "                        assumed to be ASCII hex or, if --raw, "
             "in binary\n"
+            "    --json[=JO]|-j[JO]    output in JSON instead of human "
+            "readable text\n"
             "    --lba=LBA|-l LBA    starting LBA (logical block address) "
             "(def: 0)\n"
             "    --maxlen=LEN|-m LEN    max response length (allocation "
@@ -122,8 +131,10 @@ usage()
             "    --verbose|-v      increase verbosity\n"
             "    --version|-V      print version string and exit\n\n"
             "Performs a SCSI GET LBA STATUS(16) or GET LBA STATUS(32) "
-            "command (SBC-3 and\nSBC-4). If --inhex=FN is given then "
-            "contents of FN is assumed to be a response\nto this command.\n"
+            "command (SBC-3 and\nSBC-4). The --element-id=EI and the "
+            "--scan-len=SL fields are only active\non the 32 byte cdb "
+            "variant. If --inhex=FN is given then contents of FN is\n"
+            "assumed to be a response to this command.\n"
             );
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +170,49 @@ decode_lba_status_desc(const uint8_t * bp, uint64_t * slbap,
     return bp[12] & 0xf;
 }
 
+static char *
+get_prov_status_str(int ps, char * b, int blen)
+{
+    switch (ps) {
+    case 0:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "mapped (or unknown)");
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "deallocated");
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "anchored");
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "mapped");         /* sbc4r12 */
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "unknown");        /* sbc4r12 */
+        break;
+    default:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "unknown provisioning status: %d", ps);
+        break;
+    }
+    return b;
+}
+
+static char *
+get_add_status_str(int as, char * b, int blen)
+{
+    switch (as) {
+    case 0:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "%s", "");
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "may contain unrecovered errors");
+        break;
+    default:
+        sg_scnpr(b, blen, "unknown additional status: %d", as);
+        break;
+    }
+    return b;
+}
+
 
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
@@ -170,8 +224,9 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
     bool o_readonly = false;
     bool verbose_given = false;
     bool version_given = false;
-    int k, j, res, c, rlen, num_descs, completion_cond, in_len;
+    int k, j, res, c, n, rlen, num_descs, completion_cond, in_len;
     int sg_fd = -1;
+    int blockhex = 0;
     int do_brief = 0;
     int do_hex = 0;
     int ret = 0;
@@ -190,12 +245,22 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
     const uint8_t * bp;
     uint8_t * glbasBuffp = glbasFixedBuff;
     uint8_t * free_glbasBuffp = NULL;
+    sgj_opaque_p jop = NULL;
+    sgj_opaque_p jo2p = NULL;
+    sgj_opaque_p jap = NULL;
+    sgj_state json_st = {0};
+    sgj_state * jsp = &json_st;
+    char b[144];
+    static const size_t blen = sizeof(b);
+    static const char * prov_stat_s = "Provisoning status";
+    static const char * add_stat_s = "Additional status";
+    static const char * compl_cond_s = "Completion condition";
 
     while (1) {
         int option_index = 0;
 
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "be:hi:Hl:m:rRs:St:TvV", long_options,
-                        &option_index);
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "bBe:hi:j::Hl:m:rRs:St:TvV",
+                        long_options, &option_index);
         if (c == -1)
             break;
 
@@ -203,6 +268,9 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         case 'b':
             ++do_brief;
             break;
+        case 'B':
+            ++blockhex;
+            break;
         case 'e':
             ll = sg_get_llnum(optarg);
             if ((ll < 0) || (ll > UINT32_MAX)) {
@@ -221,6 +289,13 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         case 'i':
             in_fn = optarg;
             break;
+        case 'j':
+            if (! sgj_init_state(&json_st, optarg)) {
+                pr2serr("bad argument to --json= option, unrecognized "
+                        "character '%c'\n", json_st.first_bad_char);
+                return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            }
+            break;
         case 'l':
             ll = sg_get_llnum(optarg);
             if (-1 == ll) {
@@ -318,6 +393,8 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         pr2serr("version: %s\n", version_str);
         return 0;
     }
+    if (jsp->pr_as_json)
+        jop = sgj_start(MY_NAME, version_str, argc, argv, jsp);
 
     if (maxlen > DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN) {
         glbasBuffp = (uint8_t *)sg_memalign(maxlen, 0, &free_glbasBuffp,
@@ -416,10 +493,10 @@ start_response:
         goto fini;
     }
     if (do_hex) {
-	if (do_hex > 2)
-	    hex2stdout(glbasBuffp, k, -1);
-	else
-	    hex2stdout(glbasBuffp, k, (2 == do_hex) ? 0 : 1);
+        if (do_hex > 2)
+            hex2stdout(glbasBuffp, k, -1);
+        else
+            hex2stdout(glbasBuffp, k, (2 == do_hex) ? 0 : 1);
         goto fini;
     }
     if (maxlen < 4) {
@@ -438,9 +515,9 @@ start_response:
         rlen = maxlen;
 
     if (do_brief > 1) {
-        if (rlen < 24) {
-            pr2serr("Need maxlen and response length to be at least 24, "
-                    "have %d bytes\n", rlen);
+        if (rlen > DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN) {
+            pr2serr("Need maxlen and response length to be at least %d, "
+                    "have %d bytes\n", DEF_GLBAS_BUFF_LEN, rlen);
             ret = SG_LIB_CAT_OTHER;
             goto fini;
         }
@@ -462,92 +539,111 @@ start_response:
             ret = SG_LIB_CAT_OTHER;
             goto fini;
         }
-        printf("%d\n", res);
+        sgj_pr_hr(jsp,"p_status: %d  add_status: 0x%x\n", res,
+                  (unsigned int)add_status);
+        if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, prov_stat_s, res);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, add_stat_s, add_status);
+        }
         goto fini;
     }
 
     if (rlen < 24) {
-        printf("No complete LBA status descriptors available\n");
+        sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "No complete LBA status descriptors available\n");
         goto fini;
     }
     num_descs = (rlen - 8) / 16;
     completion_cond = (*(glbasBuffp + 7) >> 1) & 7; /* added sbc4r14 */
     if (do_brief)
-        printf("Completion condition=%d\n", completion_cond);
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, compl_cond_s,
+                        SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, completion_cond);
     else {
         switch (completion_cond) {
         case 0:
-            printf("No indication of the completion condition\n");
+            snprintf(b, blen, "No indication of the completion condition");
             break;
         case 1:
-            printf("Command completed due to meeting allocation length "
-                   "(--maxlen=LEN (def 24))\n");
+            snprintf(b, blen, "Command completed due to meeting allocation "
+                     "length");
             break;
         case 2:
-            printf("Command completed due to meeting scan length "
-                   "(--scan-len=SL)\n");
+            snprintf(b, blen, "Command completed due to meeting scan length");
             break;
         case 3:
-            printf("Command completed due to meeting capacity of "
-                   "medium\n");
+            snprintf(b, blen, "Command completed due to meeting capacity of "
+                   "medium");
             break;
         default:
-            printf("Command completion is reserved [%d]\n",
+            snprintf(b, blen, "Command completion is reserved [%d]",
                    completion_cond);
             break;
         }
+        sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "%s\n", b);
+        sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jop, compl_cond_s, completion_cond,
+                        NULL /* "meaning" */, b);
     }
-    printf("RTP=%d\n", *(glbasBuffp + 7) & 0x1);    /* added sbc4r12 */
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "RTP", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
+                    *(glbasBuffp + 7) & 0x1);    /* added sbc4r12 */
     if (verbose)
         pr2serr("%d complete LBA status descriptors found\n", num_descs);
+    if (jsp->pr_as_json)
+        jap = sgj_new_named_array(jsp, jop, "lba_status_descriptor");
+
     for (bp = glbasBuffp + 8, k = 0; k < num_descs; bp += 16, ++k) {
         res = decode_lba_status_desc(bp, &d_lba, &d_blocks, &add_status);
         if ((res < 0) || (res > 15))
             pr2serr("descriptor %d: bad LBA status descriptor returned "
                     "%d\n", k + 1, res);
+        if (jsp->pr_as_json)
+            jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
         if (do_brief) {
-            printf("0x");
+            n = 0;
+            n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "0x");
             for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-                printf("%02x", bp[j]);
-            printf("  0x%x  %d  %d\n", (unsigned int)d_blocks, res,
-                   add_status);
+                n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "%02x", bp[j]);
+            if ((0 == blockhex) || (1 == (blockhex % 2)))
+                n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  0x%x  %d  %d",
+                              (unsigned int)d_blocks, res, add_status);
+            else
+                n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  %u  %d  %d",
+                              (unsigned int)d_blocks, res, add_status);
+            sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "%s\n", b);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "lba", d_lba);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "blocks", d_blocks);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo2p, prov_stat_s, res);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo2p, add_stat_s, add_status);
         } else {
-            printf("[%d] LBA: 0x", k + 1);
-            for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-                printf("%02x", bp[j]);
-            printf("  blocks: %10u", (unsigned int)d_blocks);
-            switch (res) {
-            case 0:
-                printf("  mapped (or unknown)");
-                break;
-            case 1:
-                printf("  deallocated");
-                break;
-            case 2:
-                printf("  anchored");
-                break;
-            case 3:
-                printf("  mapped");         /* sbc4r12 */
-                break;
-            case 4:
-                printf("  unknown");        /* sbc4r12 */
-                break;
-            default:
-                printf("  Provisioning status: %d", res);
-                break;
-            }
-            switch (add_status) {
-            case 0:
-                printf("\n");
-                break;
-            case 1:
-                printf(" [may return unrecovered errors]\n");
-                break;
-            default:
-                printf(" [add_status: 0x%x]\n", (unsigned int)add_status);
-                break;
+            if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
+                sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "lba", d_lba);
+                sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "blocks", d_blocks);
+                sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jo2p, prov_stat_s, res, NULL,
+                                get_prov_status_str(res, b, blen));
+                sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jo2p, add_stat_s, add_status, NULL,
+                                get_add_status_str(add_status, b, blen));
+            } else {
+                char c[64];
+
+                n = 0;
+                n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "[%d] LBA: 0x", k + 1);
+                for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
+                    n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "%02x", bp[j]);
+                if (1 == (blockhex % 2)) {
+
+                    snprintf(c, sizeof(c), "0x%x", d_blocks);
+                    n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  blocks: %10s", c);
+                } else
+                    n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  blocks: %10u",
+                                  (unsigned int)d_blocks);
+                get_prov_status_str(res, c, sizeof(c));
+                n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  %s", c);
+                get_add_status_str(add_status, c, sizeof(c));
+                if (strlen(c) > 0)
+                    n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "  [%s]", c);
+                sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "%s\n", b);
             }
         }
+        if (jsp->pr_as_json)
+            sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
     }
     if ((num_descs * 16) + 8 < rlen)
         pr2serr("incomplete trailing LBA status descriptors found\n");
@@ -581,5 +677,11 @@ fini:
             pr2serr("Some error occurred, try again with '-v' or '-vv' for "
                     "more information\n");
     }
-    return (ret >= 0) ? ret : SG_LIB_CAT_OTHER;
+    ret = (ret >= 0) ? ret : SG_LIB_CAT_OTHER;
+    if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
+        if (0 == do_hex)
+            sgj_pr2file(jsp, NULL, ret, stdout);
+        sgj_finish(jsp);
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
diff --git a/src/sg_opcodes.c b/src/sg_opcodes.c
index 9d6f6c06..4eaa5bae 100644
--- a/src/sg_opcodes.c
+++ b/src/sg_opcodes.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 #include "sg_pt.h"
 
-static const char * version_str = "0.82 20220528";    /* spc6r06 */
+static const char * version_str = "0.83 20220616";    /* spc6r06 */
 
 #define MY_NAME "sg_opcodes"
 
@@ -852,22 +852,22 @@ list_all_codes(uint8_t * rsoc_buff, int rsoc_len, struct opts_t * op,
         }
         if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
             snprintf(b, blen, "0x%x", opcode);
-            sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "operation_code", b);
+            sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "operation_code", b);
             if (sa_v) {
                 snprintf(b, blen, "0x%x", serv_act);
-                sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "service_action", b);
+                sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "service_action", b);
             }
             if (name_buff[0])
-                sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "name", name_buff);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "rwcdlp", (byt5 >> 6) & 0x1);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "mlu", (byt5 >> 4) & 0x3);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "cdlp", (byt5 >> 2) & 0x3);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "ctdp", (byt5 >> 1) & 0x1);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "servactv", byt5 & 0x1);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "cdb_length",
-                          sg_get_unaligned_be16(bp + 6));
-
-            sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* implies an array add */, jop);
+                sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "name", name_buff);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "rwcdlp", (byt5 >> 6) & 0x1);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "mlu", (byt5 >> 4) & 0x3);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "cdlp", (byt5 >> 2) & 0x3);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "ctdp", (byt5 >> 1) & 0x1);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "servactv", byt5 & 0x1);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "cdb_length",
+                         sg_get_unaligned_be16(bp + 6));
+
+            sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* implies an array add */, jop);
         }
 
         if (op->do_mask && ptvp) {
@@ -903,8 +903,8 @@ list_all_codes(uint8_t * rsoc_buff, int rsoc_len, struct opts_t * op,
                         l = strlen(b2p);
                         if ((l > 0) && (' ' == b2p[l - 1]))
                             b2p[l - 1] = '\0';
-                        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jo2p, "cdb_size", cdb_sz);
-                        sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jo2p, "cdb_usage_data", b2p);
+                        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo2p, "cdb_size", cdb_sz);
+                        sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jo2p, "cdb_usage_data", b2p);
                     }
                 }
             } else
@@ -942,9 +942,9 @@ decode_cmd_timeout_desc(uint8_t * dp, int max_b_len, char * b,
     else
         snprintf(b, max_b_len, "nominal timeout: %u secs, ", timeout);
     if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jsp->userp, "command_specific", dp[3]);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jsp->userp,
-                      "nominal_command_processing_timeout", timeout);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jsp->userp, "command_specific", dp[3]);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jsp->userp, "nominal_command_processing_timeout",
+                     timeout);
     }
     len = strlen(b);
     max_b_len -= len;
@@ -955,8 +955,7 @@ decode_cmd_timeout_desc(uint8_t * dp, int max_b_len, char * b,
     else
         snprintf(b, max_b_len, "recommended timeout: %u secs", timeout);
     if (jsp->pr_as_json)
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jsp->userp,
-                      "recommended_command_timeout", timeout);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jsp->userp, "recommended_command_timeout", timeout);
     return;
 }
 
@@ -1072,25 +1071,25 @@ list_one(uint8_t * rsoc_buff, int cd_len, int rep_opts,
         int l;
 
         snprintf(b, blen, "0x%x", op->opcode);
-        sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "operation_code", b);
+        sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "operation_code", b);
         if (rep_opts > 1) {
             snprintf(b, blen, "0x%x", op->servact);
-            sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "service_action", b);
+            sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "service_action", b);
         }
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "rwcdlp", rwcdlp);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "ctdp", ctdp);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "mlu", mlu);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "cdlp", cdlp);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "support", support);
-        sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "support_str", cp);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "cdb_size", cd_len);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "rwcdlp", rwcdlp);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "ctdp", ctdp);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "mlu", mlu);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "cdlp", cdlp);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "support", support);
+        sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "support_str", cp);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "cdb_size", cd_len);
         n = 0;
         for (k = 0; k < cd_len; ++k)
             n += sg_scnpr(b + n, blen - n, "%.2x ", rsoc_buff[k + 4]);
         l = strlen(b);
         if ((l > 0) && (' ' == b[l - 1]))
             b[l - 1] = '\0';
-        sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "cdb_usage_data", b);
+        sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "cdb_usage_data", b);
     }
     if (ctdp) {
         jsp->userp = sgj_new_named_object(jsp, jsp->basep,
@@ -1370,17 +1369,17 @@ start_response:
             goto fini;
         }
         if (jsp->pr_as_json) {
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "ats", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x80);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "atss", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x40);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "cacas", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x20);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "ctss", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x10);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "lurs", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x8);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "qts", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x4);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "trs", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x2);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "ws", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x1);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "qaes", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x4);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "qtss", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x2);
-            sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jop, "itnrs", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x1);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "ats", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x80);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "atss", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x40);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "cacas", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x20);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "ctss", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x10);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "lurs", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x8);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "qts", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x4);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "trs", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x2);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "ws", rsoc_buff[0] & 0x1);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "qaes", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x4);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "qtss", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x2);
+            sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jop, "itnrs", rsoc_buff[1] & 0x1);
             if (! jsp->pr_output)
                 goto fini;
         }
diff --git a/src/sg_rem_rest_elem.c b/src/sg_rem_rest_elem.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46af7287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/sg_rem_rest_elem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Douglas Gilbert.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+ * license that can be found in the BSD_LICENSE file.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS 1
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "sg_lib.h"
+#include "sg_lib_data.h"
+#include "sg_pt.h"
+#include "sg_cmds_basic.h"
+#include "sg_unaligned.h"
+#include "sg_pr2serr.h"
+
+/* A utility program originally written for the Linux OS SCSI subsystem.
+ *
+ * This program issues one of the following SCSI commands:
+ *   - REMOVE ELEMENT AND TRUNCATE
+ *   - RESTORE ELEMENTS AND REBUILD
+ */
+
+static const char * version_str = "1.00 20220610";
+
+#define REMOVE_ELEM_SA 0x18
+#define RESTORE_ELEMS_SA 0x19
+
+#define SENSE_BUFF_LEN 64       /* Arbitrary, could be larger */
+#define DEF_PT_TIMEOUT  60      /* 60 seconds */
+
+
+static struct option long_options[] = {
+        {"capacity", required_argument, 0, 'c'},
+        {"element", required_argument, 0, 'e'},
+        {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
+        {"quick", no_argument, 0, 'q'},
+        {"remove", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
+        {"restore", no_argument, 0, 'R'},
+        {"verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
+        {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
+        {0, 0, 0, 0},
+};
+
+static const char * remove_cmd_s = "Remove element and truncate";
+static const char * restore_cmd_s = "Restore elements and rebuild";
+
+
+static void
+usage()
+{
+    pr2serr("Usage: "
+            "sg_rem_rest_elem  [--capacity=RC] [--element=EID] [--help] "
+            "[--quick]\n"
+            "                        [--remove] [--restore] [--verbose] "
+            "[--version]\n"
+            "                        DEVICE\n");
+    pr2serr("  where:\n"
+            "    --capacity=RC|-c RC    RC is requested capacity (unit: "
+            "block; def: 0)\n"
+            "    --element=EID|-e EID    EID is the element identifier to "
+            "remove;\n"
+            "                            default is 0 which is an invalid "
+            "EID\n"
+            "    --help|-h          print out usage message\n"
+            "    --quick|-q         bypass 15 second warn and wait\n"
+            "    --remove|-r        issue REMOVE ELEMENT AND TRUNCATE "
+            "command\n"
+            "    --restore|-R       issue RESTORE ELEMENTS AND REBUILD "
+            "command\n"
+            "    --verbose|-v       increase verbosity\n"
+            "    --version|-V       print version string and exit\n\n"
+            "Performs a SCSI REMOVE ELEMENT AND TRUNCATE or RESTORE "
+            "ELEMENTS AND\nREBUILD command. Either the --remove or "
+            "--restore option needs to be given.\n");
+}
+
+/* Return of 0 -> success, various SG_LIB_CAT_* positive values or -1 ->
+ * other errors */
+static int
+sg_ll_rem_rest_elem(int sg_fd, int sa, uint64_t req_cap, uint32_t e_id,
+                    bool noisy, int verbose)
+{
+    int ret, res, sense_cat;
+    struct sg_pt_base * ptvp;
+    uint8_t sai16_cdb[16] =
+          {SG_SERVICE_ACTION_IN_16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+           0, 0, 0, 0};
+    uint8_t sense_b[SENSE_BUFF_LEN] = {0};
+    const char * cmd_name;
+
+    sai16_cdb[1] = 0x1f & sa;
+    if (REMOVE_ELEM_SA == sa) {
+        sg_put_unaligned_be64(req_cap, sai16_cdb + 2);
+        sg_put_unaligned_be32(e_id, sai16_cdb + 10);
+        cmd_name = remove_cmd_s;
+    } else
+        cmd_name = restore_cmd_s;
+    if (verbose) {
+        char d[128];
+
+        pr2serr("    %s cdb: %s\n", cmd_name,
+                sg_get_command_str(sai16_cdb, 16, false, sizeof(d), d));
+    }
+
+    ptvp = construct_scsi_pt_obj();
+    if (NULL == ptvp) {
+        pr2serr("%s: out of memory\n", cmd_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    set_scsi_pt_cdb(ptvp, sai16_cdb, sizeof(sai16_cdb));
+    set_scsi_pt_sense(ptvp, sense_b, sizeof(sense_b));
+    res = do_scsi_pt(ptvp, sg_fd, DEF_PT_TIMEOUT, verbose);
+    ret = sg_cmds_process_resp(ptvp, cmd_name, res, noisy,
+                               verbose, &sense_cat);
+    if (-1 == ret) {
+        if (get_scsi_pt_transport_err(ptvp))
+            ret = SG_LIB_TRANSPORT_ERROR;
+        else
+            ret = sg_convert_errno(get_scsi_pt_os_err(ptvp));
+    } else if (-2 == ret) {
+        switch (sense_cat) {
+        case SG_LIB_CAT_RECOVERED:
+        case SG_LIB_CAT_NO_SENSE:
+            ret = 0;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = sense_cat;
+            break;
+        }
+    } else
+        ret = 0;
+    destruct_scsi_pt_obj(ptvp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+int
+main(int argc, char * argv[])
+{
+    bool quick = false;
+    bool reat = false;
+    bool resar = false;
+    bool verbose_given = false;
+    bool version_given = false;
+    int res, c;
+    int sg_fd = -1;
+    int verbose = 0;
+    int ret = 0;
+    int sa = 0;
+    uint32_t e_id = 0;
+    uint64_t req_cap = 0;
+    int64_t ll;
+    const char * device_name = NULL;
+    const char * cmd_name;
+
+    while (1) {
+        int option_index = 0;
+
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:e:hqrRvV", long_options,
+                        &option_index);
+        if (c == -1)
+            break;
+
+        switch (c) {
+        case 'c':
+            ll = sg_get_llnum(optarg);
+            if (-1 == ll) {
+                pr2serr("--capacity= expects a numeric argument\n");
+                return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            }
+            req_cap = (uint64_t)ll;
+            break;
+        case 'e':
+            ll = sg_get_llnum(optarg);
+            if ((ll < 0) || (ll > UINT32_MAX)) {
+                pr2serr("bad argument to '--element=EID'\n");
+                return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+            }
+            if (0 == ll)
+                pr2serr("Warning: 0 is an invalid element identifier\n");
+            e_id = (uint64_t)ll;
+            break;
+        case 'h':
+        case '?':
+            usage();
+            return 0;
+        case 'q':
+            quick = true;
+            break;
+        case 'r':
+            reat = true;
+            sa = REMOVE_ELEM_SA;
+            break;
+        case 'R':
+            resar = true;
+            sa = RESTORE_ELEMS_SA;
+            break;
+        case 'v':
+            verbose_given = true;
+            ++verbose;
+            break;
+        case 'V':
+            version_given = true;
+            break;
+        default:
+            pr2serr("unrecognised option code 0x%x ??\n", c);
+            usage();
+            return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    if (optind < argc) {
+        if (NULL == device_name) {
+            device_name = argv[optind];
+            ++optind;
+        }
+        if (optind < argc) {
+            for (; optind < argc; ++optind)
+                pr2serr("Unexpected extra argument: %s\n",
+                        argv[optind]);
+            usage();
+            return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    pr2serr("In DEBUG mode, ");
+    if (verbose_given && version_given) {
+        pr2serr("but override: '-vV' given, zero verbose and continue\n");
+        verbose_given = false;
+        version_given = false;
+        verbose = 0;
+    } else if (! verbose_given) {
+        pr2serr("set '-vv'\n");
+        verbose = 2;
+    } else
+        pr2serr("keep verbose=%d\n", verbose);
+#else
+    if (verbose_given && version_given)
+        pr2serr("Not in DEBUG mode, so '-vV' has no special action\n");
+#endif
+    if (version_given) {
+        pr2serr("version: %s\n", version_str);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (1 != ((int)reat + (int)resar)) {
+        pr2serr("One, and only one, of these options needs to be given:\n"
+                "   --remove or --restore\n\n");
+        usage();
+        return SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+    }
+    cmd_name = reat ? remove_cmd_s : restore_cmd_s;
+
+    if (NULL == device_name) {
+        pr2serr("missing device name!\n");
+        usage();
+        return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    sg_fd = sg_cmds_open_device(device_name, false /* rw */, verbose);
+    if (sg_fd < 0) {
+        int err = -sg_fd;
+        if (verbose)
+            pr2serr("open error: %s: %s\n", device_name,
+                    safe_strerror(err));
+        ret = sg_convert_errno(err);
+        goto fini;
+    }
+    if (! quick)
+        sg_warn_and_wait(cmd_name, device_name, false);
+
+    res = sg_ll_rem_rest_elem(sg_fd, sa, req_cap, e_id, true, verbose);
+    ret = res;
+    if (res) {
+        if (SG_LIB_CAT_INVALID_OP == res)
+            pr2serr("%s command not supported\n", cmd_name);
+        else {
+            char b[80];
+
+            sg_get_category_sense_str(res, sizeof(b), b, verbose);
+            pr2serr("%s command: %s\n", cmd_name, b);
+        }
+    }
+
+fini:
+    if (sg_fd >= 0) {
+        res = sg_cmds_close_device(sg_fd);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            pr2serr("close error: %s\n", safe_strerror(-res));
+            if (0 == ret)
+                ret = sg_convert_errno(-res);
+        }
+    }
+    if (0 == verbose) {
+        if (! sg_if_can2stderr("sg_rem_rest_elem failed: ", ret))
+            pr2serr("Some error occurred, try again with '-v' or '-vv' for "
+                    "more information\n");
+    }
+    return (ret >= 0) ? ret : SG_LIB_CAT_OTHER;
+}
diff --git a/src/sg_rep_zones.c b/src/sg_rep_zones.c
index 0866cd8d..a8d4cbc9 100644
--- a/src/sg_rep_zones.c
+++ b/src/sg_rep_zones.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
  * Based on zbc2r12.pdf
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.38 20220511";
+static const char * version_str = "1.39 20220616";
 
 #define MY_NAME "sg_rep_zones"
 
@@ -395,28 +395,28 @@ prt_a_zn_desc(const uint8_t *bp, const struct opts_t * op,
     zc = (bp[1] >> 4) & 0xf;
     sg_get_zone_type_str(zt, sizeof(b), b);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Zone type: %s\n", b);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_istr(jsp, jop, "zone_type", zt, meaning_s, b);
+    sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jop, "zone_type", zt, meaning_s, b);
     zone_condition_str(zc, b, sizeof(b), op->vb);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Zone condition: %s\n", b);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_istr(jsp, jop, "zone_condition", zc, meaning_s, b);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "PUEP", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
-                   !!(bp[1] & 0x4));
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "NON_SEQ", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
-                   !!(bp[1] & 0x2));
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "RESET", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
-                   !!(bp[1] & 0x1));
+    sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jop, "zone_condition", zc, meaning_s, b);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "PUEP", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
+                    !!(bp[1] & 0x4));
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "NON_SEQ", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
+                    !!(bp[1] & 0x2));
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 3, "RESET", SGJ_SEP_COLON_1_SPACE,
+                    !!(bp[1] & 0x1));
     len = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 8);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Zone Length: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", len);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "zone_length", (int64_t)len);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "zone_length", (int64_t)len);
     lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 16);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Zone start LBA: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", lba);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "zone_start_lba", (int64_t)lba);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "zone_start_lba", (int64_t)lba);
     wp = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 24);
     if (sg_all_ffs((const uint8_t *)&wp, sizeof(wp)))
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Write pointer LBA: -1\n");
     else
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   Write pointer LBA: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", wp);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "write_pointer_lba", (int64_t)wp);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "write_pointer_lba", (int64_t)wp);
     return lba + len;
 }
 
@@ -457,12 +457,12 @@ decode_rep_zones(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len, uint32_t decod_len,
                                         "granularity";
 
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "  Same=%d: %s\n", same, same_desc_arr[same]);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_istr(jsp, jop, "same", same, meaning_s,
-                               same_desc_arr[same]);
+        sgj_add_nv_istr(jsp, jop, "same", same, meaning_s,
+                        same_desc_arr[same]);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "  Maximum LBA: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n\n", mx_lba);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "maximum_lba", mx_lba);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "maximum_lba", mx_lba);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "  %s: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n\n", rzslbag_s, rzslbag);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, rzslbag_s, rzslbag);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, rzslbag_s, rzslbag);
     }
     if (op->do_num > 0)
             num_zd = (num_zd > op->do_num) ? op->do_num : num_zd;
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ decode_rep_zones(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len, uint32_t decod_len,
         }
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "From last descriptor in this response:\n");
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, " %s%d\n", zn_dnum_s, num_zd - 1);
-        sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jop, "zone_descriptor_index", num_zd - 1);
+        sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jop, "zone_descriptor_index", num_zd - 1);
         ul = prt_a_zn_desc(bp, op, jsp, jop);
         if (ul > mx_lba)
             sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   >> This zone seems to be the last one\n");
@@ -514,15 +514,14 @@ decode_rep_zones(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len, uint32_t decod_len,
                 else
                     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "0x%" PRIx64 "\n", wp);
                 jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
-                sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "write_pointer_lba",
-                                       (int64_t)wp);
-                sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
+                sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "write_pointer_lba", (int64_t)wp);
+                sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
             }
             continue;
         }
         jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
         prt_a_zn_desc(bp, op, jsp, jo2p);
-        sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
+        sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
     }
     if ((op->do_num == 0) && (! op->wp_only) && (! op->do_hex)) {
         if ((64 + (REPORT_ZONES_DESC_LEN * (uint32_t)num_zd)) < decod_len)
@@ -554,12 +553,12 @@ decode_rep_realms(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len,
         nr_locator = sg_get_unaligned_be64(rzBuff + 12);
     else
         nr_locator = 0;
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Realms_count", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
-                   realms_count);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Realms_descriptor_length",
-                   SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, r_desc_len);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Realms_count", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
+                    realms_count);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Realms_descriptor_length",
+                    SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, r_desc_len);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "Next_realm_locator=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", nr_locator);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "Next_realm_locator", nr_locator);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "Next_realm_locator", nr_locator);
     if ((realms_count < 1) || (act_len < (64 + 16)) || (r_desc_len < 16)) {
         if (op->vb) {
             pr2serr("%s: exiting early because ", __func__);
@@ -598,17 +597,17 @@ decode_rep_realms(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len,
         sgj_opaque_p jo2p;
 
         jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
-        sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jo2p, 1, "Realms_id", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
-                       sg_get_unaligned_be32(bp + 0));
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jo2p, 1, "Realms_id", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
+                        sg_get_unaligned_be32(bp + 0));
         if (op->do_hex) {
             hex2stdout(bp, r_desc_len, -1);
             continue;
         }
         restrictions = sg_get_unaligned_be16(bp + 4);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   realm_restrictions=0x%hu\n", restrictions);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "realm_restrictions", restrictions);
-        sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jo2p, 3, "active_zone_domain_id",
-                       SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, bp[7]);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "realm_restrictions", restrictions);
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jo2p, 3, "active_zone_domain_id",
+                        SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, bp[7]);
 
         ja2p = sgj_new_named_array(jsp, jo2p,
                                    "realm_start_end_descriptors_list");
@@ -618,18 +617,16 @@ decode_rep_realms(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len,
 
             jo3p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
             sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "   zone_domain=%u\n", j);
-            sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jo3p, "corresponding_zone_domain_id", j);
+            sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo3p, "corresponding_zone_domain_id", j);
             lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(zp + 0);
             sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     starting_lba=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", lba);
-            sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo3p, "realm_starting_lba",
-                                   (int64_t)lba);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo3p, "realm_starting_lba", (int64_t)lba);
             lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(zp + 8);
             sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     ending_lba=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", lba);
-            sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo3p, "realm_ending_lba",
-                                   (int64_t)lba);
-            sgj_add_val_o(jsp, ja2p, NULL /* name */, jo3p);
+            sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo3p, "realm_ending_lba", (int64_t)lba);
+            sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, ja2p, NULL /* name */, jo3p);
         }
-        sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
+        sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -658,16 +655,16 @@ decode_rep_zdomains(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len,
         zd_locator = sg_get_unaligned_be64(rzBuff + 16);
     else
         zd_locator = 0;
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_returned_list_length=",
-                   SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zd_ret_len);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_supported",
-                   SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zdoms_sup);
-    sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_reported",
-                   SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zdoms_rep);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_returned_list_length=",
+                    SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zd_ret_len);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_supported",
+                    SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zdoms_sup);
+    sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jop, 0, "Zone_domains_reported",
+                    SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, zdoms_rep);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "Reporting_options=0x%x\n", zd_rep_opts);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "Reporting_options", zd_rep_opts);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "Reporting_options", zd_rep_opts);
     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "Zone_domain_locator=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", zd_locator);
-    sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jop, "Zone_domain_locator", zd_locator);
+    sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jop, "Zone_domain_locator", zd_locator);
 
     der_zdoms = zd_len / 96;
     if (op->vb > 1)
@@ -680,24 +677,24 @@ decode_rep_zdomains(const uint8_t * rzBuff, int act_len,
         sgj_opaque_p jo2p;
 
         jo2p = sgj_new_unattached_object(jsp);
-        sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jo2p, 3, "zone_domain",
-                       SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, bp[0]);
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jo2p, 3, "zone_domain",
+                        SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE, bp[0]);
         lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 16);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     zone_count=%" PRIu64 "\n", lba);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "zone_count", lba);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "zone_count", lba);
         lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 24);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     starting_lba=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", lba);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "starting_lba", lba);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "starting_lba", lba);
         lba = sg_get_unaligned_be64(bp + 32);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     ending_lba=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", lba);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "ending_lba", lba);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "ending_lba", lba);
         sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "     zone_domain_zone_type=0x%x\n", bp[40]);
-        sgj_add_name_pair_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "zone_domain_zone_type", bp[40]);
-        sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jo2p, 5, "VZDZT", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
-                       !!(0x2 & bp[42]));
-        sgj_pr_twin_vi(jsp, jo2p, 5, "SRB", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
-                       !!(0x1 & bp[42]));
-        sgj_add_val_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
+        sgj_add_nv_ihex(jsp, jo2p, "zone_domain_zone_type", bp[40]);
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jo2p, 5, "VZDZT", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
+                        !!(0x2 & bp[42]));
+        sgj_pr_hr_js_vi(jsp, jo2p, 5, "SRB", SGJ_SEP_EQUAL_NO_SPACE,
+                        !!(0x1 & bp[42]));
+        sgj_add_nv_o(jsp, jap, NULL /* name */, jo2p);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -774,8 +771,8 @@ find_report_zones(int sg_fd, uint8_t * rzBuff, const char * cmd_name,
             } else {
                 sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "Condition met at:\n");
                 sgj_pr_hr(jsp, " %s: %d\n", zn_dnum_s, zn_dnum);
-                sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jo2p, "met", true);
-                sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jo2p, "zone_descriptor_index", zn_dnum);
+                sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jo2p, "met", true);
+                sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo2p, "zone_descriptor_index", zn_dnum);
                 prt_a_zn_desc(bp, op, jsp, jo2p);
             }
         } else {
@@ -783,8 +780,8 @@ find_report_zones(int sg_fd, uint8_t * rzBuff, const char * cmd_name,
                 memset(b, 0xff, 64);
                 hex2stdout((const uint8_t *)b, 64, -1);
             } else {
-                sgj_add_val_b(jsp, jo2p, "met", false);
-                sgj_add_val_i(jsp, jo2p, "zone_descriptor_index", zn_dnum);
+                sgj_add_nv_b(jsp, jo2p, "met", false);
+                sgj_add_nv_i(jsp, jo2p, "zone_descriptor_index", zn_dnum);
                 if (num_rem < 1)
                     sgj_pr_hr(jsp, "Condition NOT met, checked %d zones; "
                               "next %s%u\n", op->do_num, zn_dnum_s, zn_dnum);
@@ -1340,7 +1337,7 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
     else if (op->do_realms)
         cmd_name = "Report realms";
     if (as_json)
-        sgj_add_val_s(jsp, jop, "scsi_command_name", cmd_name);
+        sgj_add_nv_s(jsp, jop, "scsi_command_name", cmd_name);
     if ((op->serv_act != REPORT_ZONES_SA) && op->do_partial) {
         pr2serr("Can only use --partial with REPORT ZONES\n");
         return SG_LIB_SYNTAX_ERROR;
diff --git a/src/sg_requests.c b/src/sg_requests.c
index ee0c0388..903c7ce8 100644
--- a/src/sg_requests.c
+++ b/src/sg_requests.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2004-2021 Douglas Gilbert.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2022 Douglas Gilbert.
  * All rights reserved.
  * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
  * license that can be found in the BSD_LICENSE file.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
  * This program issues the SCSI command REQUEST SENSE to the given SCSI device.
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.39 20211114";
+static const char * version_str = "1.40 20220607";
 
 #define MAX_REQS_RESP_LEN 255
 #define DEF_REQS_RESP_LEN 252
@@ -45,17 +45,6 @@ static const char * version_str = "1.39 20211114";
 #define REQUEST_SENSE_CMD 0x3
 #define REQUEST_SENSE_CMDLEN 6
 
-/* Not all environments support the Unix sleep() */
-#if defined(MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#define HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#include <windows.h>
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    Sleep( (seconds) * 1000)
-#else
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    sleep(seconds)
-#endif
-
 #define ME "sg_requests: "
 
 
@@ -309,7 +298,7 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         for (k = 0; k < num_rs; ++k) {
             act_din_len = 0;
             if (k > 0)
-                sleep_for(30);
+                sg_sleep_secs(30);
             set_scsi_pt_cdb(ptvp, rs_cdb, sizeof(rs_cdb));
             set_scsi_pt_sense(ptvp, sense_b, sizeof(sense_b));
             memset(rsBuff, 0x0, sizeof(rsBuff));
diff --git a/src/sg_sanitize.c b/src/sg_sanitize.c
index 41db4bba..74c33f2f 100644
--- a/src/sg_sanitize.c
+++ b/src/sg_sanitize.c
@@ -33,19 +33,7 @@
 #include "sg_unaligned.h"
 #include "sg_pr2serr.h"
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.18 20220127";
-
-/* Not all environments support the Unix sleep() */
-#if defined(MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#define HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#include <windows.h>
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    Sleep( (seconds) * 1000)
-#else
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    sleep(seconds)
-#endif
-
+static const char * version_str = "1.19 20220608";
 
 #define ME "sg_sanitize: "
 
@@ -720,20 +708,8 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         sg_put_unaligned_be16((uint16_t)op->ipl, wBuff + 2);
     }
 
-    if ((! op->quick) && (! op->fail)) {
-        printf("\nA SANITIZE will commence in 15 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n", device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA SANITIZE will commence in 10 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n", device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-        printf("\nA SANITIZE will commence in 5 seconds\n");
-        printf("    ALL data on %s will be DESTROYED\n", device_name);
-        printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-        sleep_for(5);
-    }
+    if ((! op->quick) && (! op->fail))
+        sg_warn_and_wait("SANITIZE", device_name, true);
 
     ret = do_sanitize(sg_fd, op, wBuff, param_lst_len);
     if (ret) {
@@ -747,7 +723,7 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
                 pr2serr("Due to --dry-run option, leave poll loop\n");
                 break;
             }
-            sleep_for(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
+            sg_sleep_secs(POLL_DURATION_SECS);
             memset(rsBuff, 0x0, sizeof(rsBuff));
             res = sg_ll_request_sense(sg_fd, op->desc, rsBuff, sizeof(rsBuff),
                                       1, vb);
diff --git a/src/sg_unmap.c b/src/sg_unmap.c
index 2deb71ad..c24c676a 100644
--- a/src/sg_unmap.c
+++ b/src/sg_unmap.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2009-2018 Douglas Gilbert.
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Douglas Gilbert.
  * All rights reserved.
  * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
  * license that can be found in the BSD_LICENSE file.
@@ -29,16 +29,6 @@
 #include "sg_unaligned.h"
 #include "sg_pr2serr.h"
 
-#if defined(MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#define HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_MS_SLEEP
-#include <windows.h>
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    Sleep( (seconds) * 1000)
-#else
-#define sleep_for(seconds)    sleep(seconds)
-#endif
 
 /* A utility program originally written for the Linux OS SCSI subsystem.
  *
@@ -46,7 +36,7 @@
  * logical blocks. Note that DATA MAY BE LOST.
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.17 20180628";
+static const char * version_str = "1.18 20220608";
 
 
 #define DEF_TIMEOUT_SECS 60
@@ -676,25 +666,14 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
 
             printf("%s is:  %.8s  %.16s  %.4s\n", device_name,
                    inq_resp.vendor, inq_resp.product, inq_resp.revision);
-            sleep_for(3);
+            sg_sleep_secs(3);
             if (to_end_of_device)
-                snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "LBA 0x%" PRIx64 " to end of %s "
-                         "(0x%" PRIx64 ")", all_start, device_name, all_last);
+                snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%s from LBA 0x%" PRIx64 " to end "
+                         "(0x%" PRIx64 ")", device_name, all_start, all_last);
             else
-                snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "LBA 0x%" PRIx64 " to 0x%" PRIx64
-                         " on %s", all_start, all_last, device_name);
-            printf("\nAn UNMAP (a.k.a. trim) will commence in 15 seconds\n");
-            printf("    ALL data from %s will be LOST\n", b);
-            printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(5);
-            printf("\nAn UNMAP will commence in 10 seconds\n");
-            printf("    ALL data from %s will be LOST\n", b);
-            printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(5);
-            printf("\nAn UNMAP (a.k.a. trim) will commence in 5 seconds\n");
-            printf("    ALL data from %s will be LOST\n", b);
-            printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(7);
+                snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%s from LBA 0x%" PRIx64 " to 0x%"
+                         PRIx64, device_name, all_start, all_last);
+            sg_warn_and_wait("UNMAP (a.k.a. trim)", b, false);
         }
         if (dry_run) {
             pr2serr("Doing dry-run, would have unmapped from LBA 0x%" PRIx64
@@ -757,19 +736,19 @@ retry:
         if (! do_force) {
             printf("%s is:  %.8s  %.16s  %.4s\n", device_name,
                    inq_resp.vendor, inq_resp.product, inq_resp.revision);
-            sleep_for(3);
+            sg_sleep_secs(3);
             printf("\nAn UNMAP (a.k.a. trim) will commence in 15 seconds\n");
             printf("    Some data will be LOST\n");
             printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(5);
+            sg_sleep_secs(5);
             printf("\nAn UNMAP will commence in 10 seconds\n");
             printf("    Some data will be LOST\n");
             printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(5);
+            sg_sleep_secs(5);
             printf("\nAn UNMAP (a.k.a. trim) will commence in 5 seconds\n");
             printf("    Some data will be LOST\n");
             printf("        Press control-C to abort\n");
-            sleep_for(7);
+            sg_sleep_secs(7);
         }
         res = sg_ll_unmap_v2(sg_fd, anchor, grpnum, timeout, param_arr,
                              param_len, true, vb);
diff --git a/src/sg_vpd.c b/src/sg_vpd.c
index 9350dbc6..20f74b5c 100644
--- a/src/sg_vpd.c
+++ b/src/sg_vpd.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.70 20220218";  /* spc6r06 + sbc5r01 */
+static const char * version_str = "1.71 20220608";  /* spc6r06 + sbc5r01 */
 
 /* standard VPD pages, in ascending page number order */
 #define VPD_SUPPORTED_VPDS 0x0
diff --git a/src/sg_vpd_vendor.c b/src/sg_vpd_vendor.c
index d79ccc7d..a1a1a501 100644
--- a/src/sg_vpd_vendor.c
+++ b/src/sg_vpd_vendor.c
@@ -1558,6 +1558,6 @@ svpd_decode_vendor(int sg_fd, struct opts_t * op, int off)
             return 0;
         }
     } else
-        pr2serr("Vendor VPD page=0x%x  failed to fetch", op->vpd_pn);
+        pr2serr("Vendor VPD page=0x%x  failed to fetch\n", op->vpd_pn);
     return res;
 }
diff --git a/src/sg_zone.c b/src/sg_zone.c
index ff4dc366..e4540143 100644
--- a/src/sg_zone.c
+++ b/src/sg_zone.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Douglas Gilbert.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Douglas Gilbert.
  * All rights reserved.
  * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
  * license that can be found in the BSD_LICENSE file.
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@
 
 /* A utility program originally written for the Linux OS SCSI subsystem.
  *
- *
- * This program issues a SCSI CLOSE ZONE, FINISH ZONE or OPEN ZONE command
- * to the given SCSI device. Based on zbc-r04c.pdf .
+ * This program issues one of the following SCSI commands:
+ *   - CLOSE ZONE
+ *   - FINISH ZONE
+ *   - OPEN ZONE
+ *   - REMOVE ELEMENT AND MODIFY ZONES
+ *   - SEQUENTIALIZE ZONE
  */
 
-static const char * version_str = "1.17 20211114";
+static const char * version_str = "1.18 20220609";
 
 #define SG_ZONING_OUT_CMDLEN 16
 #define CLOSE_ZONE_SA 0x1
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
         {"finish", no_argument, 0, 'f'},
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         {"open", no_argument, 0, 'o'},
+        {"quick", no_argument, 0, 'q'},
         {"remove", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
         {"reset-all", no_argument, 0, 'R'},     /* same as --all */
         {"reset_all", no_argument, 0, 'R'},
@@ -68,14 +72,14 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
         {0, 0, 0, 0},
 };
 
-/* Indexed by service action */
+/* Indexed by service action of opcode 0x94 (Zone out) unless noted */
 static const char * sa_name_arr[] = {
     "no SA=0",                  /* 0x0 */
     "Close zone",
     "Finish zone",
     "Open zone",
     "-", "-", "-", "-",
-    "Zone activate",            /* 0x8 */
+    "-",
     "-", "-", "-", "-",
     "-",
     "-",
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ static const char * sa_name_arr[] = {
     "-", "-", "-", "-",
     "-", "-", "-", "-",
     "-",
-    "Remove element and modify zones", /* 0x1a */
+    "Remove element and modify zones", /* service action in(16), 0x1a */
 };
 
 
@@ -94,10 +98,9 @@ usage()
     pr2serr("Usage: "
             "sg_zone  [--all] [--close] [--count=ZC] [--element=EID] "
             "[--finish]\n"
-            "                [--help] [--open] [--remove] "
-            "[--sequentialize] "
-            "[--verbose]\n"
-            "                [--version] [--zone=ID] DEVICE\n");
+            "                [--help] [--open] [--quick] [--remove] "
+            "[--sequentialize]\n"
+            "                [--verbose] [--version] [--zone=ID] DEVICE\n");
     pr2serr("  where:\n"
             "    --all|-a           sets the ALL flag in the cdb\n"
             "    --close|-c         issue CLOSE ZONE command\n"
@@ -109,6 +112,8 @@ usage()
             "    --finish|-f        issue FINISH ZONE command\n"
             "    --help|-h          print out usage message\n"
             "    --open|-o          issue OPEN ZONE command\n"
+            "    --quick|-q         bypass 15 second warn and wait "
+            "(for --remove)\n"
             "    --remove|-r        issue REMOVE ELEMENT AND MODIFY ZONES "
             "command\n"
             "    --sequentialize|-S    issue SEQUENTIALIZE ZONE command\n"
@@ -116,11 +121,10 @@ usage()
             "    --version|-V       print version string and exit\n"
             "    --zone=ID|-z ID    ID is the starting LBA of the zone "
             "(def: 0)\n\n"
-            "Performs a SCSI OPEN ZONE, CLOSE ZONE, FINISH ZONE or "
-            "SEQUENTIALIZE\nZONE command. ID is decimal by default, for hex "
-            "use a leading '0x'\nor a trailing 'h'. Either --close, "
-            "--finish, --open, --remove or\n--sequentialize option needs to "
-            "be given.\n");
+            "Performs a SCSI OPEN ZONE, CLOSE ZONE, FINISH ZONE, "
+            "REMOVE ELEMENT AND\nMODIFY ZONES or SEQUENTIALIZE ZONE "
+            "command. Either --close, --finish,\n--open, --remove or "
+            "--sequentialize option needs to be given.\n");
 }
 
 /* Invokes the zone out command indicated by 'sa' (ZBC).  Return of 0
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ sg_ll_zone_out(int sg_fd, int sa, uint64_t zid, uint16_t zc, bool all,
     zo_cdb[1] = 0x1f & sa;
     if (REM_ELEM_MOD_ZONES_SA == sa) {  /* zid carries element identifier */
         zo_cdb[0] = SG_SERVICE_ACTION_IN_16;    /* N.B. changing opcode */
-        sg_put_unaligned_be32((uint32_t)zid, zo_cdb + 10);
+        sg_put_unaligned_be32((uint32_t)zid, zo_cdb + 10); /* element id */
     } else {
         sg_put_unaligned_be64(zid, zo_cdb + 2);
         sg_put_unaligned_be16(zc, zo_cdb + 12);
@@ -194,7 +198,9 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
     bool close = false;
     bool finish = false;
     bool open = false;
+    bool quick = false;
     bool reamz = false;
+    bool element_id_given = false;
     bool sequentialize = false;
     bool verbose_given = false;
     bool version_given = false;
@@ -212,7 +218,7 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
     while (1) {
         int option_index = 0;
 
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "acC:e:fhorRSvVz:", long_options,
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "acC:e:fhoqrRSvVz:", long_options,
                         &option_index);
         if (c == -1)
             break;
@@ -243,7 +249,8 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
             }
             if (0 == ll)
                 pr2serr("Warning: 0 is an invalid element identifier\n");
-            zid = (uint64_t)ll;
+            zid = (uint64_t)ll;    /* putting element_id in zid */
+            element_id_given = true;
             break;
         case 'f':
             finish = true;
@@ -257,6 +264,9 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
             open = true;
             sa = OPEN_ZONE_SA;
             break;
+        case 'q':
+            quick = true;
+            break;
         case 'r':
             reamz = true;
             sa = REM_ELEM_MOD_ZONES_SA;
@@ -323,8 +333,15 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
 
     if (1 != ((int)close + (int)finish + (int)open + (int)sequentialize +
               (int)reamz)) {
-        pr2serr("one of these options: --close, --finish, --open "
-                "--sequentialize and\n--remove must be given\n");
+        pr2serr("One, and only one, of these options needs to be given:\n"
+                "   --close, --finish, --open, --remove or --sequentialize "
+                "\n\n");
+        usage();
+        return SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
+    }
+    if (element_id_given && (! reamz)) {
+        pr2serr("The --element=EID option should only be used with the "
+                "--remove option\n\n");
         usage();
         return SG_LIB_CONTRADICT;
     }
@@ -345,6 +362,9 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
         ret = sg_convert_errno(err);
         goto fini;
     }
+    if (reamz && (! quick))
+        sg_warn_and_wait(sa_name_arr[REM_ELEM_MOD_ZONES_SA], device_name,
+                         false);
 
     res = sg_ll_zone_out(sg_fd, sa, zid, zc, all, true, verbose);
     ret = res;