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<html devsite>
<head>
<title>Configuring Audio Policies</title>
<meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml" />
<meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml" />
</head>
<body>
<!--
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<p>Android 7.0 introduces a new audio policy configuration file format (XML) for
describing your audio topology.</p>
<p>Previous Android releases required using the
<code>device/<company>/<device>/audio/audio_policy.conf</code>
to declare the audio devices present on your product (you can see an example of
this file for the Galaxy Nexus audio hardware in
<code>device/samsung/tuna/audio/audio_policy.conf</code>). However, .conf is a
simple proprietary format that is too limited to describe complex topologies for
applications such as televisions and automobiles.</p>
<p>Android 7.0 deprecates the <code>audio_policy.conf</code> and adds support
for defining audio topology using an XML file format that is more
human-readable, has a wide range of editing and parsing tools, and is flexible
enough to describe complex audio topologies.</p>
<p class="note".<strong>Note:</strong> Android 7.0 preserves support for using
<code>audio_policy.conf</code>; this legacy format is used by default. To use
the XML file format, include the build option <code>USE_XML_AUDIO_POLICY_CONF
:= 1</code> in device makefile.</p>
<h2 id=xml_advantages>Advantages of the XML format</h2>
<p>As in the .conf file, the new XML file enables defining the number and types
of output an input stream profiles, devices usable for playback and capture, and
audio attributes. In addition, the XML format offers the following enhancements:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Audio profiles are now structured similar to HDMI Simple Audio Descriptors
and enable a different set of sampling rates/channel masks for each audio
format.</li>
<li>Explicit definitions of all possible connections between devices and
streams. Previously, an implicit rule made it possible to interconnect all
devices attached to the same HAL module, preventing the audio policy from
controlling connections requested with audio patch APIs. In the XML format, the
topology description now defines connection limitations.</li>
<li>Support for <em>includes</em> avoids repeating standard A2DP, USB, or
reroute submit definitions.</li>
<li>Customizable volume curves. Previously, volume tables were hardcoded. In the
XML format, volume tables are described and can be customized.</li>
</ul>
<p>The template at
<code>frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/config/audio_policy_configuration.xml</code>
shows many of these features in use.</p>
<h2 id=xml_file_format>File format and location</h2>
<p>The new audio policy configuration file is
<code>audio_policy_configuration.xml</code> and is located in
<code>/system/etc</code>. To view a simple audio policy configuration in the new
XML file format, view the example below.</p>
<p>
<section class="expandable">
<h4 class="showalways">Show audio policy example</h4>
<pre>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<audioPolicyConfiguration version="1.0" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<globalConfiguration speaker_drc_enabled="true"/>
<modules>
<module name="primary" halVersion="3.0">
<attachedDevices>
<item>Speaker</item>
<item>Earpiece</item>
<item>Built-In Mic</item>
</attachedDevices>
<defaultOutputDevice>Speaker</defaultOutputDevice>
<mixPorts>
<mixPort name="primary output" role="source" flags="AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_PRIMARY">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
</mixPort>
<mixPort name="primary input" role="sink">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="8000,16000,48000"
channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO"/>
</mixPort>
</mixPorts>
<devicePorts>
<devicePort tagName="Earpiece" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE" role="sink">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO"/>
</devicePort>
<devicePort tagName="Speaker" role="sink" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER" address="">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
</devicePort>
<devicePort tagName="Wired Headset" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_WIRED_HEADSET" role="sink">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
</devicePort>
<devicePort tagName="Built-In Mic" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC" role="source">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="8000,16000,48000"
channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO"/>
</devicePort>
<devicePort tagName="Wired Headset Mic" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_WIRED_HEADSET" role="source">
<profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
samplingRates="8000,16000,48000"
channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO"/>
</devicePort>
</devicePorts>
<routes>
<route type="mix" sink="Earpiece" sources="primary output"/>
<route type="mix" sink="Speaker" sources="primary output"/>
<route type="mix" sink="Wired Headset" sources="primary output"/>
<route type="mix" sink="primary input" sources="Built-In Mic,Wired Headset Mic"/>
</routes>
</module>
<xi:include href="a2dp_audio_policy_configuration.xml"/>
</modules>
<xi:include href="audio_policy_volumes.xml"/>
<xi:include href="default_volume_tables.xml"/>
</audioPolicyConfiguration>
</pre></section>
</p>
<p>The top level structure contains modules that correspond to each audio HAL
hardware module, where each module has a list of mix ports, device ports, and
routes:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Mix ports</strong> describe the possible config profiles for streams
that can be opened at the audio HAL for playback and capture.</li>
<li><strong>Device ports</strong> describe the devices that can be attached with
their type (and optionally address and audio properties, if relevant).</li>
<li><strong>Routes</strong> (new) is now separated from the mix port descriptor,
enabling description of routes from device to device or stream to device.</li>
</ul>
<p>Volume tables are simple lists of points defining the curve used to translate
form a UI index to a volume in dB. A separate include file provides default
curves, but each curve for a given use case and device category can be
overwritten.</p>
<section class="expandable">
<h4 class="showalways">Show volume table example</h4>
<p><pre>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<volumes>
<reference name="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE">
<point>0,0</point>
<point>100,0</point>
</reference>
<reference name="SILENT_VOLUME_CURVE">
<point>0,-9600</point>
<point>100,-9600</point>
</reference>
<reference name="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE">
<point>1,-4950</point>
<point>33,-3350</point>
<point>66,-1700</point>
<point>100,0</point>
</reference>
</volumes>
</pre></p></section>
<section class="expandable">
<h4 class="showalways">Show volumes example</h4>
<p><pre>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<volumes>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_RING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_RING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_RING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_RING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA"ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER">
<point>1,-5500</point>
<point>20,-4300</point>
<point>86,-1200</point>
<point>100,0</point>
</volume>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_NOTIFICATION" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_DTMF" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_TTS" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="SILENT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_TTS" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_TTS" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="SILENT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_TTS" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="SILENT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_ACCESSIBILITY" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="DEFAULT_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_REROUTING" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_HEADSET" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EARPIECE" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
<volume stream="AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH" deviceCategory="DEVICE_CATEGORY_EXT_MEDIA" ref="FULL_SCALE_VOLUME_CURVE"/>
</volumes>
</pre></p></section>
<h2 id=file_inclusions>File inclusions</h2>
<p>The XML Inclusions (XInclude) method can be used to include audio policy
configuration information located in other XML files. All included files must
follow the structure described above with the following restrictions:</p>
<ul>
<li>Files can contain only top-level elements.</li>
<li>Files cannot contain Xinclude elements.</li>
</ul>
<p>Use includes to avoid copying standard Android Open Source Project (AOSP)
audio HAL modules configuration information to all audio policy configuration
files (which is prone to errors). A standard audio policy configuration xml file
is provided for the following audio HALs:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>A2DP:</strong> <code>a2dp_audio_policy_configuration.xml</code></li>
<li><strong>Reroute submix:</strong> <code>rsubmix_audio_policy_configuration.xml</code></li>
<li><strong>USB:</strong> <code>usb_audio_policy_configuration.xml</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id=code_reorg>Audio policy code reorganization</h2>
<p>Android 7.0 splits <code>AudioPolicyManager.cpp</code> into several modules
to make it more maintainable and to highlight what is configurable. The new
organization of <code>frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy</code> includes the
following modules:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/managerdefault</code></td>
<td>Includes the generic interfaces and behavior implementation common to all
applications. Similar to <code>AudioPolicyManager.cpp</code> with engine
functionality and common concepts abstracted away.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/common</code></td>
<td>Defines base classes (e.g data structures for input output audio stream
profiles, audio device descriptors, audio patches, audio port, etc.). Previously
defined inside <code>AudioPolicyManager.cpp</code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/engine</code></td>
<td><p>Implements the rules that define which device and volumes should be used for
a given use case. It implements a standard interface with the generic part, such
as to get the appropriate device for a given playback or capture use case, or to
set connected devices or external state (i.e. a call state of forced usage) that
can alter the routing decision.</p>
<p>Available in two versions, customized and default; use build option
<code>USE_CONFIGURABLE_AUDIO_POLICY</code> to select.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/engineconfigurable</code></td>
<td>Policy engine implementation that relies on parameter framework (see below).
Configuration is based on the parameter framework and where the policy is
defined by XML files.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/enginedefault</code></td>
<td>Policy engine implementation based on previous Android Audio Policy Manager
implementations. This is the default and includes hard coded rules that
correspond to current Nexus and AOSP implementations.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>/service</code></td>
<td>Includes binder interfaces, threading and locking implementation with
interface to the rest of the framework.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2 id=policy_config>Configuration using parameter-framework</h2>
<p>Android 7.0 reorganizes audio policy code to make it easier to understand and
maintain while also supporting an audio policy defined entirely by configuration
files. The reorganization and audio policy design is based on Intel's parameter
framework, a plugin-based and rule-based framework for handling parameters.</p>
<p>Using the new configurable audio policy enables vendors OEMs to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Describe a system's structure and its parameters in XML.</li>
<li>Write (in C++) or reuse a backend (plugin) for accessing described
parameters.</li>
<li>Define (in XML or in a domain-specific language) conditions/rules upon which
a given parameter must take a given value.</li>
</ul>
<p>AOSP includes an example of an audio policy configuration file that uses the parameter-framework at: <code>Frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/engineconfigurable/parameter-framework/example/Settings/PolicyConfigurableDomains.xml</code>. For
details, refer to Intel documentation on the
<a href="https://github.com/01org/parameter-framework">parameter-framework</a>
and
<a href="http://01org.github.io/parameter-framework/hosting/Android_M_Configurable_Audio_Policy.pdf">Android
Configurable Audio Policy</a>.</p>
<h2 id=policy_routing_apis>Audio policy routing APIs</h2>
<p>Android 6.0 introduced a public Enumeration and Selection API that sits on
top of the audio patch/audio port infrastructure and allows application
developers to indicate a preference for a specific device output or input for
connected audio records or tracks.</p>
<p>In Android 7.0, the Enumeration and Selection API is verified by CTS tests
and is extended to include routing for native C/C++ (OpenSL ES) audio streams.
The routing of native streams continues to be done in Java, with the addition of
an <code>AudioRouting</code> interface that supersedes, combines, and deprecates
the explicit routing methods that were specific to <code>AudioTrack</code> and
<code>AudioRecord</code> classes.</p>
<p>For details on the Enumeration and Selection API, refer to
<a href="https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/audio/opensl-for-android.html?hl=fi#configuration-interface">Android
configuration interfaces</a> and <code>OpenSLES_AndroidConfiguration.h</code>.
For details on audio routing, refer to
<a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/AudioRouting.html">AudioRouting</a>.
</p>
<h2 id=multichannel>Multi-channel support</h2>
<p>If your hardware and driver supports multichannel audio via HDMI, you can
output the audio stream directly to the audio hardware (this bypasses the
AudioFlinger mixer so it doesn't get downmixed to two channels.) The audio HAL
must expose whether an output stream profile supports multichannel audio
capabilities. If the HAL exposes its capabilities, the default policy manager
allows multichannel playback over HDMI. For implementation details, see
<code>device/samsung/tuna/audio/audio_hw.c</code>.</p>
<p>To specify that your product contains a multichannel audio output, edit the
audio policy configuration file to describe the multichannel output for your
product. The following example from a Galaxy Nexus shows a <em>dynamic</em>
channel mask, which means the audio policy manager queries the actual channel
masks supported by the HDMI sink after connection.</p>
<pre>
audio_hw_modules {
primary {
outputs {
...
hdmi {
sampling_rates 44100|48000
channel_masks dynamic
formats AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT
devices AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_AUX_DIGITAL
flags AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT
}
...
}
...
}
...
}
</pre>
<p>You can also specify a static channel mask such as
<code>AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_5POINT1</code>. AudioFlinger's mixer downmixes the
content to stereo automatically when sent to an audio device that does not
support multichannel audio.</p>
<h2 id=codecs>Media codecs</h2>
<p>Ensure the audio codecs your hardware and drivers support are properly
declared for your product. For details, see
<a href="/devices/media/index.html#expose">Exposing Codecs to the
Framework</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>
|
